![]() Vitamin K 1 is made by plants, and is found in highest amounts in green leafy vegetables, because it is directly involved in photosynthesis. The two most studied ones are menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7). Vitamin K 2, in turn, consists of a number of related chemical subtypes, with differing lengths of carbon side chains made of isoprenoid groups of atoms. Vitamin K includes two natural vitamers: vitamin K 1 ( phylloquinone) and vitamin K 2 ( menaquinone). Ĭhemically, the vitamin K family comprises 2- methyl- 1,4-naphthoquinone (3-) derivatives. Research suggests that deficiency of vitamin K may also weaken bones, potentially contributing to osteoporosis, and may promote calcification of arteries and other soft tissues. Without vitamin K, blood coagulation is seriously impaired, and uncontrolled bleeding occurs. Carboxylation allows them to bind ( chelate) calcium ions, which they cannot do otherwise. The presence of uncarboxylated proteins indicates a vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is used in the liver as the intermediate VKH 2 to deprotonate a glutamate residue and then is reprocessed into vitamin K through a vitamin K oxide intermediate. The complete synthesis involves final modification of these so-called "Gla proteins" by the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase that uses vitamin K as a cofactor. ![]() The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation (K from Koagulation, German for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. ![]() Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. ![]()
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